Adjunto un petit article que he rebut i em sembla interessant:
Cal tenir en compte que dels 9 reactors que hi ha a Espanya, Catalunya en té 3 i representen el 40% de la potència instal·lada.
Hom pot pensar que som molt generosos en fer tant electricitat per Espanya, però el cert és que consumim el 36% de l'energia elèctrica nuclear que es fa a Espanya, és a dir gairebé tota la que produïm.
De fet, el 60% de la producció elèctrica a Catalunya és d'origen nuclear. Contrasta amb la d'origen renovable (solar, eòlica, biomassa i termosolar) que només és de l'1,5% (sense comptar la hidroelèctrica, és clar).
La producció elèctrica depèn de la potència elèctrica instal·lada. Però aquesta no és una relació lineal. Les nuclears tenen una producció contínua, però les renovables (inclosa la hidroelèctrica) no. Les centrals tèrmiques s'utilitzen om a reguladors d'aquestes oscil·lacions. Per tant, les centrals tèrmiques que cremen combustibles fòssils no renovables i que contribueixen a l'escalfament global són la clau de volta del sistema energètic català.
Així doncs, la potència elèctrica instal·lada a Catalunya de tipus nuclear representa el 27% del total. I això és perquè hi ha una sobredimensionada potència elèctrica de centrals tèrmiques no renovables, en concret un 44%, que serveix desistema amortidor. Les hidroelèctriques tenen el 20,5%. Cal una potència elèctrica més alta en renovables per suplir els moments d'inactivitat, però tot i així tant sols representa el 7,86%.
El consum d'energia primària és el conjunt d'energia que utilitzem, sigui en forma d'electricitat, sigui en forma d'hidrocarbur (benzina, gasoil, gas natural, etc.). el 75% del consum d'energia a Catalunya és d'origen fòssil, el 20% nuclear, i només l'1,5% és renovable (si comptem tota la que es genera en la crema de residus renovables, biomassa i biofuel), del què l'eòlica i la solar només representen el 0,26%.
Amb aquestes dades arribem a la conclusió que el territori d'Espanya amb més demanda d'energia nuclear és Catalunya. Lògicament, també som el territori que més residus nuclears generem. I junt amb això, i com ja vaig dir en el correu anterior, Catalunya també és el territori on les centrals nuclears necessiten amb més urgència un indret on col·locar els seus residus, perquè seran les primeres que arribaran al seu límit de capacitat d'emmagazematge dels seus residus (2013, 2015 i 2020).
O sigui que si s'hagués de fer un cementiri nuclear, per justícia hauria de ser Catalunya qui es quedés amb la llufa.
Ara bé. Cal fer un cementiri nuclear? Bé si no es fa, i no es vol fer el bèstia llençant els residus radioactius en fosses abissals oceàniques ni en atols perduts de la micronèsia, caldrà mantenir els 3 dipòsits de residus nuclears que hi ha actualment en les 3 centrals nuclears que hi ha a Catalunya. El problema és que aquests són indrets provisionals que no estan dissenyats per allotjar durant mil·lenis aquests residus. Això vol dir que caldria remodelar aquests dipòsits (piscines) i convertir-los en cementiris nuclears com el què ara volen fer, però més petitons. Un altre problema és que ara la gestió d'aquests dipòsits és privada (pertany a la central nuclear), i que si es fa el cementiri nuclear fora les centrals la gestió serà pública.
Una solució més salomònica és clausurar les tres centrals i convertir la gestió dels seus residus en pública. Però aquí ens trobem que abans de tot caldria fer el cementiri per poder allotjar tots els residus actuals i els que es generessin per la clausura.
I és que les 3 centrals nuclears amb els seus residus ens les hem de menjar en patates, i això vol dir que cal pensar en un cementiri nuclear públic si volem fer les coses bé.
La darrera qüestió és si s'han de clausurar d'immediatament les centrals nuclears. Idealment sí, per evitar seguir produint residus i jugant amb foc radioactiu. Però estem atrapats per la dependència que hi tenim. Soplir l'energia nuclear tant a curt termini només ho podem fer de dues maneres: O bé important electricitat de França, o bé important encara més combustibles fòssils. Si fem la primera opció, seríem uns hipòcrites perquè l'electricitat francesa és d'origen nuclear. Si fem la segona opció, el consum d'energia primària d'origen fòssil serà del 95% a Catalunya. Una vergonya a nivell climàtic, i un perill a nivell econòmic (el peak oil ens passarà factura).
Hom podria dir que aleshores no hi ha cap altre remei que acceptar les coses tal com són. I no voldria donar aquest missatge, perquè acceptar les coses tal com són, que vol dir seguir produint energia, seguir augmentant el consum energètic, seguir augmentant la producció de residus, fins a esgotar la darrera guspira de plutoni i petroli de la terra no porta enlloc més que al col·lapse.
El missaltge que hem de donar és que això només ho podem aturar amb un canvi de model. No existeixen solucions tècniques. Les eòliques i solars no ens treurant del forat. Només una economia planificada i prioritzada podrà amortir el cop i organitzar un decreixement de la producció de materials i energia que possibiliti acabar amb l'energia nuclear, trobar substituts energètics que permetin una transició postcarboni i així aturar el canvi climàtic i retrobar-se amb la veritable sostenibilitat.
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